Journal of Codicology and Manuscript Research (In persian: Pizhūhish/hā-yi nuskhah/shināsī va taṣḥīḥ-i mutūn)

Journal of Codicology and Manuscript Research (In persian: Pizhūhish/hā-yi nuskhah/shināsī va taṣḥīḥ-i mutūn)

Recognition of the distorted word "Barkham"

Document Type : Original Article

Author
jamile akhyani
Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan Province, Zanjan, Iran,
10.22034/crtc.2025.488589.1168
Abstract
One of the points that must be taken into account by correctors in correcting ancient texts is the possibility of correcting a word or words from the text. Failure to pay attention to this point, in addition to moving the text away from its exact meaning, can cause the forgetting of an original word. One of these words, which was spelled due to the tradition of same writing of some of letters such as "P" and "B" in Persian manuscripts, and then was forgotten over time and with the scribes copying each other's manuscripts, is the word "Barkham". This word, which is used in a significant number of important texts of Persian literature such as Sanai's Divan, Anvari's Divan, Kamal Khojandi's Divan, Zahir Faryabi's Divan and Saeb's Divan, is recorded everywhere as "Porkham" and has not entered Persian dictionaries. In this article, we will recover this word and its difference with "Porkham" which is spelled with it with a descriptive-analytical method and based on documentary studies. Based on this, the word "Barkham" is another form of "Bekham" and means "bent". In addition, this article also discusses the two words "barbar" and " barbar " that are recorded in a corrected form in some texts.
Keywords
Correction
Distortion
word recovery
barkham
Porkham
barbar
Subjects

عدم تعارض منافع

نویسندگانی که نام‌هایشان ذکر شده است تأیید می‌کنند که هیچ وابستگی یا مشارکتی با هیچ سازمان یا نهادی که منافع مالی (مانند حق‌الزحمه؛ کمک‌های آموزشی؛ شرکت در سخنرانی‌ها؛ عضویت، استخدام، مشاوره، مالکیت سهام یا سایر منافع مالی؛ و شهادت کارشناسی یا ترتیبات مجوز اختراعات) یا منافع غیرمالی (مانند روابط شخصی یا حرفه‌ای، وابستگی‌ها، دانش یا باورها) در موضوع یا مواد مورد بحث در این دست‌نوشته ندارند.

Conflict of Interest 

The named authors confirm that they have no affiliations or involvement with any organization or entity with financial interests (such as fees; educational grants; participation in lectures; membership, employment, consulting, stock ownership, or other financial interests; expert testimony or patent licensing arrangements) or non-financial interests (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

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Journal of Codicology and Manuscript Research (In persian: Pizhūhish/hā-yi nuskhah/shināsī va taṣḥīḥ-i mutūn)
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 8
October 2025
Pages 132-146

  • Receive Date 16 November 2024
  • Revise Date 05 February 2025
  • Accept Date 23 March 2025
  • Publish Date 23 September 2025