Journal of Codicology and Manuscript Research (In persian: Pizhūhish/hā-yi nuskhah/shināsī va taṣḥīḥ-i mutūn)

Journal of Codicology and Manuscript Research (In persian: Pizhūhish/hā-yi nuskhah/shināsī va taṣḥīḥ-i mutūn)

Textual analysis of the manuscript of Ghurar al-Amthal and Durar al-Aqwal, written by Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Zayd Bayhaqi

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hadi Sani 1
Marziye Abad 2
Amir Moqaddam Mottaqi 2
1 PhD. student., Department of Arabic Language and Literature. Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Dr. Ali Shariati, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Dr.Ali Shariati Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
10.22034/crtc.2023.170216
Abstract
Many of the works of Ali Ibn Zayd Bayhaqi (d. 565 AH), have disappeared or are missing, so it is necessary to pay attention to his remaining works in order to know the literary history of the 5th and 6th centuries. One of his works is Ghurar al-Amthal wa Durar al-Aqwal, which is a critical work on the Arabic proverbs. This unique manuscript, with various headings in examining the literal meaning of the proverbs, the cause of the proverbs (Sabab), the use of the proverbs (Zarb), the explanation of the concept of the proverbs (hal al-mathal), and by presenting Mowallad proverbs, is a structured and different book, especially in hal al-mathal that provide the technical prose of Bayhaqi. The linguistic mistakes in this manuscript show that the Anonymous scribe did not have sufficient knowledge of Arabic and was probably a Persian speaker. Perhaps the date of its copy goes back to the 7th or 8th century. In this article, some points of Bayhaghi's life, such as the nickname "Ibn-Fondoq", his date of birth, and his religion, have been examined with a textual research, and this hypothesis can be proved that Ghurar al-Amthal is an explanatory and critical review of Majma al-Amthal written by Maydani (d. 518 A.H). But Bayhaqi has also analyzed other books of proverbs and has brought us phrases from books that are missing. In addition, Bayhaqi draws a section of the cultural history of Bayhaq in the 6th century by narrating memories and some stories.
Keywords
Abu al- Hasan Bayhaqi
Abu al-fazl Maydani
critical parable study
Ghurar al-Amthal
Majama al-Amthal
Subjects
  • Ansari, Hasan, Kataban Website, Historical Studies, Notes from the Book Ghurar al-Amthal by Bayhaqi:

http://ansari.kateban.com/post/1598 and https://ansari.kateban.com/post/3471

  • Askari, Abu Hilal, Jumhurat al-Amthal, edited by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Volume 2, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1964 AD.
  • Asma'i, Abd al-Malik ibn Qarib, Al-Asma'iyyat, Ahmed Shakir and Abd al-Salam Harun, Seventh Edition, Cairo, Dar al-Ma'arif, 1993 AD.
  • Azahri, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Tahdhib al-Lugha, supervised by Muhammad Awad, Volume 1, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1421 AH.
  • Azdi, Abdullah ibn Muhammad, Kitab al-Ma', edited by Hadi Hammoudi, Volume 1, Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1387 SH.
  • Bakharzi, Ali ibn Hasan, Dumyat al-Qasr, edited by Muhammad Tunji, Volume 1, Beirut, Dar al-Jil, 1414 AH.
  • Bakri, Abu Ubaid, Fasl al-Maqal, edited by Ihsan Abbas and Abdul Majid Abidin, Volume 1, Beirut, Dar al-Amanah, 1971 AD.
  • ____________, Samt al-Lali, edited by Abdul Aziz al-Maymouni, Volume 1, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, undated.
  • Bayhaqi, Ali ibn Zayd, Tarikh Bayhaq, corrected by Ahmad Bahmanyar, Third Edition, Tehran, Foroughi Bookstore, 1361 SH.
  • ____________, Ghurar al-Amthal, photographic copy from the Central Library of the University of Tehran.
  • ____________, Ghurar al-Amthal, photographic print by Mohammad Hossein Hosseini Jalali, Chicago, The Open School, undated.
  • ____________, Jawami' Ahkam al-Nujum, edited by Reza Fahimi, first edition, Tehran, Sokhan Publications, 1401 SH.
  • ____________, Ma'arij Nahj al-Balagha, edited by Mohammad Taghi Daneshpajuh, first edition, Qom, Ayatollah Marashi Library, 1409 AH.
  • ____________, Tarikh Bayhaq, Arabic translation by Yusuf al-Hadi, Volume 1, Damascus, Dar Iqra, 1425 AH.
  • ____________, Tarikh Hukama' al-Islam, edited by Muhammad Kurd Ali, Volume 1, Damascus, Matba'at al-Taraqi, 1365 AH.
  • Daneshpajuh, Mohammad Taghi, Catalog of Microfilms of the Central Library of the University of Tehran, first edition, Tehran, University of Tehran, 1348 SH.
  • Dhuby, Mufaddal bin Muhammad, Amthal al-Arab, edited by Qusai al-Hussein, Volume 1, Beirut, Dar al-Hilal, 2003 AD.
  • Dhuby, Mufaddal bin Salamah, Al-Fakhr fi al-Amthal, edited by Muhammad Othman, Volume 1, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 2011 AD.
  • Faraidi, Khalil bin Ahmad, Al-'Ayn, edited by Mahdi Makhzoumi and Ibrahim Samarra'i, Volume 2, Qom, Hijrat Publishing, 1409 AH.
  • Farra, Yahya bin Ziyad, Al-Maqsur wa al-Mamdud, edited by Majid Dhahabi, Volume 2, Beirut, Al-Risalah Foundation, 1988 AD.
  • Farsi, Abdul Ghaffar bin Ismail, Tarikh Nishapur, supervised by Muhammad Kazim Mahmoudi, Volume 1, Qom, Society of Teachers of the Qom Seminary, undated.
  • Hamawi, Yaqut ibn Abdullah, Mu'jam al-Udaba, researched by Ihsan Abbas, first edition, Beirut, Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 1993 AD.
  • ____________, Mu'jam al-Buldan, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1995 AD.
  • Hariri, Qasim ibn Ali, Al-Maqamat, first edition, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 2005 AD.
  • Ibn Duraid, Muhammad ibn Hasan, Compendium of the Language, edited by Ramzi Baalbaki, first edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Ilm for Millions, 1988 AD.
  • ____________, Al-Mujtani, third edition, Hyderabad, Printing Press of the Council of the Ottoman Encyclopedia, 1962 AD.
  • Ibn Fares, Summary of the Language, edited by Zuhair Abdul Mohsen, first edition, Beirut, Al-Resalah Foundation, 1986 AD.
  • ____________, Dictionary of Language Scales, edited by Abdulsalam Haroun, first edition, Qom, Islamic Media Library, 1404 AH.
  • Ibn Ishaq, The Biography of Ibn Ishaq, edited by Muhammad Hamidullah, first edition, Maghreb, Institute of Studies, Research, and Arabization, 1976 AD.
  • Ibn Khallikan, Ahmad, Deaths of Eminent Men, edited by Ihsan Abbas, first edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Fikr, no date.
  • Ibn Manzur, Muhammad ibn Makram, Lisan al-Arab, Volume 3, Beirut, Dar Sader, 1414 AH.
  • Ibn Sallam, Abu Ubaid, Book of Proverbs, edited by Abdulmajid Qattamesh, first edition, Damascus, Dar Al-Ma'mun for Heritage, 1980 AD.
  • ____________, Al-Gharib Al-Musannaf, edited by Muhammad Mukhtar Ubaidi, first edition, Tunis, House of Wisdom, 1990 AD.
  • Ibn Sida, Ali ibn Ismail, Al-Mukhasas, first edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, no date.
  • ____________, Al-Muhkam, edited by Abdulhamid Hindawi, first edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah, 1421 AH.
  • Ibn Sikkit, Yaqub ibn Ishaq, Correction of Logic, edited by Ahmad Shakir and Abdulsalam Haroun, first edition, Cairo, Dar Al-Ma'arif, no date.
  • ____________, Book of Words, edited by Fakhr al-Din Qabbawah, first edition, Beirut, Library of Lebanon Publishers, 1998 AD.
  • Ibn Sina, Hussein ibn Abdullah, The Canon of Medicine, first edition, Beirut, Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi, 1426 AH.
  • ____________, Al-Najat, edited by Muhammad Taqi Danesh-Pajuh, second edition, Tehran, University of Tehran Press, 1379 SH.
  • ____________, Al-Shifa, Physics, edited by Saeed Zayed, second edition, Qom, Ayatollah Marashi Library, 1406 AH.
  • Iqbal, Abbas, Ministry in the Era of the Seljuk Sultans, compiled by Muhammad Taqi Danesh-Pajouh and Yahya Zaka, Volume 1, Tehran, University of Tehran Press, 1395 SH.
  • Isfahani, Hamza ibn Hasan, Sawa'ir al-Amthal 'ala Af'al, edited by Fahmi Saad, Volume 1, Beirut, Alam al-Kutub, 1988 AD.
  • Isfahani, Imad al-Din, Khurdat al-Qasr, edited by Muhammad Bahja al-Athari and Saeed Jamil, Volume 1, Baghdad, Al-Majma' al-Ilmi al-Iraqi, undated.
  • Jouhari, Ismail ibn Hammad, Al-Sihah, researched by Ahmad Abdul Ghafour Attar, first edition, Beirut, Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayin, 1376 AH.
  • Juvayni, Ata Malik, Tarikh-i Jahangusha, edited by Mohammad Qazvini, first edition, Tehran, Dunyaye Ketab, 1385 SH.
  • Khafi, Fasih, Mujmal Fasihi, researched by Seyed Mohsen Naji Nasr Abadi, first edition, Tehran, Asatir, 1386 SH.
  • Ma'dani, Abu al-Fadl Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Majma' al-Amthal, edited by Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abdul Hamid, First Edition, Beirut, Dar al-Ma'rifa, undated.
  • Mazandarani, Ibn Shahr Ashub, Al-Muqtadib, Hassan Hamad, First Edition, Beirut, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, 1999 AD.
  • ____________,  Ma'alim al-Ulama, supervised by Abbas Iqbal, Volume 1, Tehran, undated, 1353 AH.
  • ____________, Manaqib Ahl Abi Talib, edited by Yusuf al-Buqai, Volume 2, Beirut, Dar al-Adwa, 1991 AD.
  • Nasafi, Umar ibn Muhammad, Al-Qand fi Dhikr 'Ulama' Samarkand, edited by Yusuf al-Hadi, First Edition, Tehran, Miras Maktub, 1420 AH.
  • Nezami, Ahmad ibn Umar, Chahar Maqala, edited by Muhammad Qazvini, Second Edition, Tehran, Eshraghi, 1364 SH.
  • Nushahi, 'Aref, "Jawami' Ahkam al-Nujum Bayhaqi," Nameh Baharestan, Year 1, Issue 1, Spring 1379 SH.
  • Qifti, Ali bin Yusuf, Inbah al-Ruwat 'ala Anba' al-Nuhat, edited by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Volume 1, Beirut, Al-Maktabah al-Asriyah, 1424 AH.
  • Razi, Abdul Jalil, Al-Naqd, researched by Mir Jalal al-Din Aramavi, first edition, Tehran, Publications of the National Works Association, 1358 SH.
  • Razi, Muhammad ibn Zakariya, Al-Hawi fi al-Tibb, researched by Haitham Khalifa, first edition, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1422 AH.
  • Safadi, Khalil bin Aybak, Al-Wafi bil-Wafayat, edited by Helmut Ritter, Volume 2, Beirut, Franz Steiner Publishing House, 1401 AH.
  • Samaani, Abdul Karim bin Muhammad, Al-Ansab, edited by Abdul Rahman Al-Muallami, Volume 1, Hyderabad, Majlis Dairat al-Ma'arif al-Othmaniyyah, 1382 AH.
  • Shahrastani, Muhammad bin Abdul Karim, Al-Milal wa al-Nihal, edited by Amir Ali Mahna and Ali Hassan Faour, Volume 3, Beirut, Dar al-Ma'rifah, 1993 AD.
  • Sibawayh, Amr bin Uthman, Kitab Sibawayh, Volume 3, Beirut, Al-Mu'assasah al-Alami, 1387 AH.
  • Subki, Abdul Wahhab ibn Ali, Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra, researched by Mahmoud al-Tanahi and Abdul Fattah al-Hilu, first edition, Cairo, Dar Ihya al-Kutub al-Arabiya, undated.
  • Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir, Tarikh al-Tabari, edited by Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Volume 2, Beirut, Dar al-Turath, 1967 AD.
  • Tabatabai, Sayyid Abdul Aziz, "Nahj al-Balagha Through the Ages," Journal Turathuna, Year 9, Issue 4, 1414 AH.
  • Tha'alabi, Abdul Malik ibn Muhammad, Yatimat al-Dahr, researched by Mufid Mohammad Qumiha, first edition, Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, 1420 AH.
  • Westenfeld, Ferdinand, Comparative Calendar of 1500 Years of Hijri Qamari and Gregorian, Introduction and Revision by Hakim al-Din Qureshi, First Edition, Tehran, Niavaran Farhangsara, 1360 SH.
  • Zamakhshari, Mahmoud ibn Omar, Al-Mustaqsi fi Amthal al-Arab, first edition, Hyderabad, Majlis Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Uthmaniyya, 1962 AD.
  • Zelheim, Rudolf, Al-Amthal al-Arabiya al-Qadima, translated by Ramazan Abdul Tawab, first edition, Beirut, Dar al-Amanah, 1971 AD.
Journal of Codicology and Manuscript Research (In persian: Pizhūhish/hā-yi nuskhah/shināsī va taṣḥīḥ-i mutūn)
Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 4
October 2023
Pages 204-243

  • Receive Date 27 March 2023
  • Revise Date 13 April 2023
  • Accept Date 16 April 2023
  • Publish Date 23 September 2023